U.S. President Donald Trump and Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese have signed a critical minerals agreement, which they described as “an $8.5 billion deal between allies,” aimed at curbing China’s dominance of rare earths resources.
The Associated Press reported that China announced earlier this month that foreign companies must get approval from its government to export magnets containing even trace amounts of rare earth materials that originated from China or were produced with Chinese technology.
The Trump administration said this gives China broad power over the global economy by controlling the tech supply chain. “Australia is really, really going to be helpful in the effort to take the global economy and make it less risky, less exposed to the kind of rare earth extortion that we’re seeing from the Chinese,” Kevin Hassett, the director of the White House’s National Economic Council, told reporters.
To complement the “United States–Australia Framework for Securing of Supply in the Mining and Processing of Critical Minerals and Rare Earths,” the two countries will take measures to each provide at least US$1 billion in investments toward a $8.5 billion pipeline of priority critical minerals projects in Australia and the United States over the next six months.
The agreement underscores how the U.S. is using its global allies to counter China, especially as it weaponizes its traditional dominance in rare earth materials. Top Trump officials have used the tactics from Beijing as a rallying cry for the U.S. and its allies to work together to try to minimize China’s influence.
“China is a command-and-control economy, and we and our allies will neither be commanded nor controlled,” Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said. “They are a state economy and we are not going to let a group of bureaucrats in Beijing try to manage the global supply chains.”
The U.S.-Australia agreement could have an immediate impact on rare earth supplies in the United States if American companies can secure some of what Australian mines are already producing, although it will take years – if not decades – to develop enough of a supply of rare earths outside of China to reduce its dominance, noted the AP.
However, the level of investment outlined in the agreement shows how serious the two nations are about addressing the problem. A U.S.-Australia Critical Minerals Supply Security Response Group will be established under the leadership of the U.S. Secretary of Energy and the Australian Minister for Resources to identify priority minerals and supply vulnerabilities and to develop a coordinated plan to accelerate delivery of processed minerals under the agreement.
Sources: AP and Australia Government